mu myaka yashize, igipimo cy’Ubushinwa bwambukiranya imipaka y’ubucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byakomeje kwiyongera byihuse, biba ahantu heza mu iterambere ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi n’andi mashami atandatu aherutse gusohora itangazo ryerekeye kwagura icyitegererezo cy’ibicuruzwa byinjira mu bucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka no gushyira mu bikorwa byimazeyo amabwiriza agenga amategeko (aha ni byo byamenyeshejwe) 《Amatangazo agaragaza ko umuderevu w’umupaka Ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bizagurwa no mu mijyi yose (no mu turere) aho ikigereranyo cy’ubucuruzi cy’ubucuruzi cy’ubucuruzi, imipaka y’ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka y’ubucuruzi, akarere gahuza imipaka, akarere gahuriweho n’ubucuruzi, ibicuruzwa byerekana ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga hamwe n’ikigo gishinzwe ibikoresho (ubwoko b) i. Ni izihe ngaruka zo kwagura akarere k'icyitegererezo, kandi ni ubuhe buryo bwo kwiteza imbere muri e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka? Umunyamakuru yakoze ikiganiro.
Ubushinwa bwambukiranya imipaka y’ubucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa byinjira mu mahanga bwarenze miliyari 100
Kwambuka imipaka e-ubucuruzi bwo gutumiza mu mahanga ntabwo biri kure yacu. Abaguzi bo mu gihugu bagura ibicuruzwa byo mu mahanga binyuze mu mbuga za e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka, ibyo bikaba bigizwe n’imyitwarire y’ibicuruzwa byinjira mu mahanga. Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, mu 2020, Ubushinwa bwambukiranya imipaka y’ubucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa byambukiranya imipaka burenga miliyari 100.
Iterambere ryimiterere mishya ntirishobora gukora udashyigikiwe cyane na politiki iboneye. Kuva mu mwaka wa 2016, Ubushinwa bwakoze ubushakashatsi kuri politiki y’inzibacyuho yo “kugenzura by'agateganyo ukurikije ibintu bwite” ku bicuruzwa biva mu mahanga byinjira mu bucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka. Kuva icyo gihe, igihe cy’inzibacyuho cyongerewe kabiri kugeza mu mpera za 2017 na 2018. Mu Gushyingo 2018, Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi n’andi mashami atandatu yasohoye “itangazo ryerekeye kunoza igenzura ry’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga byinjira mu bucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka”, ibyo bikaba aribyo yasobanuye neza ko mu mijyi 37, nka Beijing, ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bicuruza imipaka y’ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka bizakurikiranwa hakurikijwe imikoreshereze y’umuntu ku giti cye, kandi icyemezo cya mbere cy’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, kwiyandikisha cyangwa gutanga ibyangombwa ntibizashyirwa mu bikorwa, kugira ngo bikomeze na gahunda ihamye yo kugenzura nyuma yigihe cyinzibacyuho. Muri 2020, umuderevu azakomeza kwagurwa mu mijyi 86 no ku kirwa cyose cya Hainan.
"Kugenzura ingingo zitumizwa mu mahanga kugirango ukoreshe umuntu ku giti cye" bisobanura inzira yoroshye no kuzenguruka vuba. Bitewe n’umuderevu, Ubushinwa bwambukiranya imipaka y’ubucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa byinjira mu mahanga byiyongereye vuba. Gao Feng, umuvugizi wa minisiteri y’ubucuruzi, yavuze ko kuva aho umuderevu w’ibicuruzwa byinjira mu bucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka byambukiranya imipaka byatangijwe mu Gushyingo 2018, amashami n’uturere twose bakoze ubushakashatsi kandi bakomeza kunoza gahunda ya politiki, bigashyirwa mu bikorwa mu iterambere no mu iterambere muburyo busanzwe. Muri icyo gihe, gahunda yo gukumira no kugenzura no kugenzura ingaruka igenda itera imbere buhoro buhoro, kandi ubugenzuzi burakomeye kandi bugira ingaruka mu gihe na nyuma y’ibirori, bufite uburyo bwo kwigana no kuzamurwa mu ntera yagutse.
“Kwagura urugero rw'icyitegererezo ni ukugira ngo abantu barusheho gukenera abaturage kugira ngo babeho neza kandi biteze imbere iterambere ry’ibicuruzwa byinjira mu mahanga byambukiranya imipaka.” Gaofeng yavuze ko mu gihe kiri imbere, imijyi uturere bireba dushobora gukora ubucuruzi bwo gutumiza mu mahanga ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga igihe cyose byujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo bigenzurwe na gasutamo, kugira ngo byorohereze ibigo guhindura imikorere y’ubucuruzi hakurikijwe ibikenewe mu iterambere, korohereza abaguzi kugura ibicuruzwa byambukiranya imipaka byoroshye, kugira uruhare rukomeye rwisoko mugutanga umutungo, no kwibanda ku gushimangira ubugenzuzi mugihe na nyuma yibyo birori.
Hamwe n'umuvuduko wihuse wo kuzamura ibicuruzwa, icyifuzo cy’abaguzi b’abashinwa ku bicuruzwa byo mu mahanga byujuje ubuziranenge cyiyongera umunsi ku munsi. Amatsinda menshi y’abaguzi yizeye kugura isi yose murugo, kandi umwanya witerambere ryibicuruzwa byambukiranya imipaka byinjira mu mahanga ni byinshi. Mu ntambwe ikurikiraho, Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi izakorana n’inzego zibishinzwe gushishikariza imijyi y’icyitegererezo gushyira mu bikorwa ibisabwa kandi igateza imbere iterambere ryiza kandi rirambye ry’imipaka y’ibicuruzwa byinjira mu mahanga byambukiranya imipaka.
Gutangiza cyane politiki yo gushyigikira gushiraho ibidukikije byiza byiterambere ryihuse
Muri Werurwe uyu mwaka, i Fuzhou habaye imurikagurisha rya mbere ryambukiranya imipaka mu Bushinwa ryambukiranya imipaka, rikaba ryitabiriwe n’inganda 2363 zose, zikaba zikubiyemo urubuga 33 rw’ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka ku isi. Dukurikije imibare ituzuye, muri rusange imurikagurisha ryarenze miliyari 3.5 z'amadolari y'Amerika. Amakuru ya gasutamo yerekana ko mu 2020, Ubushinwa bwambukiranya imipaka y’ubucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa byinjira mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bizagera kuri tiriyari 1.69, byiyongereyeho 31.1% ku mwaka. Ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka e-ubucuruzi bwagiye buhinduka moteri nshya yo guteza imbere ubuziranenge bw’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga.
Zhang Jianping, umuyobozi w'ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku bufatanye bw’ubukungu bw’akarere mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi, yavuze ko mu myaka yashize, ubucuruzi bw’imipaka bwambukiranya imipaka bwakomeje kwiyongera ku mibare ibiri kandi bugira uruhare runini mu mahanga mu Bushinwa. iterambere ry'ubucuruzi. By'umwihariko muri 2020, ubucuruzi bw’ububanyi n’amahanga bw’Ubushinwa buzabona ihinduka rya V mu bihe bikomeye, ibyo bikaba bifitanye isano n’iterambere ry’ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka. Ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka ya e-ubucuruzi, hamwe nibyiza byihariye byo guca imbogamizi zumwanya n’umwanya, igiciro gito kandi bunoze, byahindutse ihitamo ry’inganda gukora ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga n’umuvuduko wo guhanga udushya no guteza imbere ubucuruzi bw’amahanga, bigira uruhare runini ku bucuruzi bw’amahanga mu guhangana n’ingaruka z’icyorezo.
Gutangiza cyane politiki yo gushyigikira byanashizeho ibidukikije byiza byiterambere ryihuse rya e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka.
Muri 2020, mu Bushinwa hazaba hashyizweho uturere 46 tw’ibizamini bya e-ubucuruzi byambukiranya imipaka 46, kandi umubare w’ibizamini by’ibizamini by’ibicuruzwa byambukiranya imipaka bizagurwa kugera ku 105. Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi, hamwe n’inzego zibishinzwe, byubahiriza. ku ihame ryo gushishikariza guhanga udushya, kwishyira ukizana no gushishoza, gushishikariza imipaka y’ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka kwambukiranya imipaka kugira ngo ikore serivisi, imiterere n’uburyo bushya, ishyigikira igishushanyo mbonera, umusaruro, kwamamaza, ubucuruzi, nyuma yo kugurisha n’indi mipaka. iterambere rya e-ubucuruzi, kandi byihutisha kubaka ahantu hashya hafungura. Uturere twose dufata imipaka yubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka nkibibanza byatangiriyeho, kubaka parike zinganda zitari kumurongo, gukurura byimazeyo imishinga iyobora muri zone, no gutwara igiterane gikikije ibigo byinjira kandi byamanuka byunganira imishinga. Kugeza ubu, parike zirenga 330 zubatswe muri buri karere k’ibizamini bya e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka, bikaba byateje imbere akazi k’abantu barenga miliyoni 3.
Mu rwego rwo gukuraho gasutamo, Ubuyobozi bukuru bwa gasutamo bwakoze imishinga mishya y’ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka B2B (uruganda ku ruganda) imishinga yo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, ndetse n’ubucuruzi bushya bwambukiranya imipaka B2B bwohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga (9710) no kwambuka- imipaka e-ubucuruzi bwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze mumahanga (9810) uburyo bwubucuruzi. Ubu imaze gukora imishinga y'icyitegererezo mu biro 22 bya gasutamo mu buryo butaziguye Ubuyobozi bukuru bwa gasutamo, harimo na Beijing, hagamijwe guteza imbere ibikorwa bishya bigenzurwa na e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka bwambukiranya imipaka kuva B2C (ikigo ku muntu ku giti cye) kugeza kuri B2B, kandi butanga serivisi zorohereza gasutamo. ingamba, Ibigo by'icyitegererezo birashobora gukoresha ingamba zorohereza gasutamo nka "kwiyandikisha inshuro imwe, gufata ingingo imwe, kugenzura mbere, kwemerera kohereza gasutamo no korohereza kugaruka".
Yakomeje agira ati: “Mu rwego rwo kugenzura ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bigenzurwa na gasutamo no kubaka byihuse ahantu h’icyitegererezo hagamijwe ubucuruzi bw’imipaka y’ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka, e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka buzakomeza gutera imbere batewe inkunga na politiki n’ibidukikije, bitera imbaraga nshya muri guhindura no kuzamura ubucuruzi bw’amahanga mu Bushinwa. ” Zhang Jianping ati.
Ikoranabuhanga rya digitale rikoreshwa cyane mubice byose, kandi uburyo bwo kugenzura bugomba kugendana nibihe
Ikoreshwa ryinshi rya comptabilite, amakuru manini, ubwenge bwubukorikori, blocain hamwe nubundi buryo bwa tekinoloji ya digitale mubice byose byubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka byatumye habaho guhinduka no kuzamura ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka.
Wang Xiaohong, Minisitiri w’ishami rishinzwe amakuru mu Bushinwa mu rwego rwo guhanahana ubukungu mpuzamahanga, yavuze ko ubu buryo bushya bw’ubucuruzi bw’ubucuruzi bw’ikoranabuhanga bushingiye ku buryo bwuzuye bw’ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka, bugakora urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ruhuza ibicuruzwa, abatanga ibicuruzwa, abadandaza, abaguzi, ibikoresho, ishami rishinzwe imari na leta. Ntabwo ikubiyemo ibicuruzwa byambukiranya imipaka gusa, ahubwo ikubiyemo serivisi zifasha nka logistique, imari, amakuru, kwishyura, kwishura, iperereza ku nguzanyo, imari n’imisoro, serivisi zinoze zuzuye mu bucuruzi bw’amahanga nko gukuraho gasutamo, gukusanya amadovize no gusubiza imisoro , kimwe nuburyo bushya bwo kugenzura nuburyo bushya bwamategeko mpuzamahanga hamwe namakuru, amakuru nubwenge.
Ati: "Ni ukubera ko inyungu z’isoko nini nini cyane ku isoko, hamwe n’uburyo bwo guteza imbere inganda n’uburyo bugenzurwa na bose, ni bwo imishinga yo mu bucuruzi bw’ubucuruzi bw’ubushinwa bwambukiranya imipaka mu Bushinwa bwateye imbere ku buryo bwihuse, kandi ingano n'imbaraga byazamutse vuba." Wang Xiaohong yavuze ariko ko twakagombye kumenya ko e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka bukiri mu ntangiriro y’iterambere, gutera inkunga ibikoresho nk’ububiko, ubwikorezi, gukwirakwiza, serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha, uburambe, kwishyura no kwishura biracyakenewe kunonosorwa, uburyo bwo kugenzura nabwo bugomba kugendana nibihe, kandi byombi nibisanzwe hamwe niterambere.
Muri icyo gihe, cyo kwagura icyitegererezo cy’ibicuruzwa byinjira mu bucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka, birasabwa kandi ko buri mujyi w’icyitegererezo (akarere) ugomba gufata umwete inshingano nyamukuru y’igikorwa cy’icyitegererezo cya politiki y’ubucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa byinjira mu mahanga byambukiranya imipaka; mu karere, shyira mu bikorwa byimazeyo ibisabwa n’amabwiriza, ushimangire byimazeyo gukumira no kugenzura ingaruka z’umutekano n’umutekano, kandi ukore iperereza ku gihe kandi ukemure “kugura ibicuruzwa kuri interineti bihujwe + no kwishyiriraho interineti” hanze y’ahantu hagenzurwa na gasutamo Ibicuruzwa bya kabiri n’ibindi kurenga ku mategeko, kugira ngo imirimo y’icyitegererezo igende neza, kandi dufatanyirize hamwe iterambere ryiza kandi rirambye ry’inganda.
Hano harakenewe isoko, politiki yongerera imbaraga, e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka bwiyongera cyane, kandi ibikoresho bifasha bigenda bikurikirana buhoro buhoro. Nk’uko amakuru abitangaza, mu Bushinwa hari ububiko burenga 1800 bwo mu mahanga bw’ubucuruzi bwa e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka, aho ubwiyongere bwa 80% muri 2020 hamwe n’ubuso bwa metero kare zirenga miliyoni 12.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-24-2021