Vuba aha, urubuga rw’ubuyobozi bukuru bwa gasutamo rwasohoye inyandiko-mvugo y’umuyobozi wungirije w’ibiro bya Leta byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga asubiza ibibazo by’abanyamakuru. Benshi muribo bafitanye isano n’ibikoresho, nko kuzamura imikorere rusange y’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, kunoza amakuru n’ubutasi by’ibicuruzwa byinjira, ndetse no kwagura umuyoboro w’ibicuruzwa byinjira mu bucuruzi byambukiranya imipaka. Ibisobanuro ni ibi bikurikira:
ishusho
Umunyamakuru: mu myaka mike ishize, ubucuruzi bw’ibyambu by’Ubushinwa bwakomeje kunozwa. Ni izihe ngamba Ubuyobozi bukuru bwa gasutamo bwafashe kugira ngo bukomeze guteza imbere korohereza ibicuruzwa bya gasutamo, kunoza imikorere y’imisoro ya gasutamo, kugabanya igiciro cy’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, kandi bigashyiraho ingufu zose kugira ngo ubucuruzi bw’amahanga n’ishoramari bihamye bihamye?
Dang Yingjie: nk'ishami rikomeye mu guteza imbere ubucuruzi ku byambu, Ubuyobozi bukuru bwa gasutamo, hamwe n’inzego za Leta zibishinzwe ndetse n’inzego z’ibanze, bwashyize mu bikorwa ibyemezo na gahunda bya Komite Nkuru y’Ishyaka n’Inama y’igihugu, bikomeje gukaza umurego akazi, yashyizeho politiki n’ingamba, yemeza ingamba zikomeye, ashimangira ubugenzuzi, serivisi zinoze, kandi akomeza kunoza urwego rwo korohereza ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka, Yatanze umusanzu ukwiye mu kuzamura iterambere ryiza kandi ryiza -kugurura neza ubucuruzi bwububanyi n’amahanga. Bigaragarira cyane cyane muri:
Icyambere, kurushaho kunonosora ibyinjira no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Muri 2020, Ubuyobozi Rusange bwa gasutamo, hamwe n’inzego zibishinzwe, bizakomeza gutondeka no gusesengura ibyemezo by’ubugenzuzi bw’ibicuruzwa n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Dukurikije ihame ryo “guhagarika ibyemezo bishobora guhagarikwa, no guhagarika ibyemezo bishobora kuva ku cyambu kugira ngo bigenzurwe”, Ubuyobozi bukuru bwa gasutamo buzakomeza guteza imbere koroshya ibyemezo by’ubugenzuzi, kandi bumenye guhuza ubwoko bubiri. by'ibyemezo byo kugenzura ibyoherezwa mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga no guhagarika icyemezo kimwe cy'ubugenzuzi guhera ku ya 1 Mutarama 2021. Kugeza ubu, umubare w'ibyangombwa ngenderwaho bigomba kugenzurwa mu bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byagabanutse kuva kuri 86 muri 2017 bigera kuri 41, a kugabanuka kwa 52.3%. Muri ubu bwoko 41 bwicyemezo cyubugenzuzi, usibye ubwoko 3 budashobora guhuzwa na enterineti kubera ibihe bidasanzwe, ubundi bwoko 38 bwibyemezo bwakoreshejwe kandi bugakorerwa kumurongo. Muri byo, ubwoko 23 bw'impamyabumenyi bwakiriwe binyuze mu “idirishya rimwe” ry'ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Ibyemezo byose byubugenzuzi byahise bigereranywa kandi bigenzurwa mugikorwa cyo gukuraho gasutamo, kandi ibigo ntibikeneye gutanga impapuro zerekana ubugenzuzi kuri gasutamo.
Icya kabiri, gabanya kandi igihe rusange cyo gutumiza no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Ibiro by’icyambu cya Leta bigomba gushimangira ubuyobozi bw’ibyambu byaho, bigahora bikurikirana kandi bigatanga raporo ku gihe cy’ibikorwa byose by’intara zose (uturere twigenga n’amakomine), kandi bigashimangira guhuza ibyambu by’ibanze kugira ngo icyorezo cy’icyorezo kiva mu mahanga no kohereza mu mahanga. Hashingiwe ku kubahiriza ibigo byigenga byo guhitamo ibicuruzwa byinjira muri gasutamo, gasutamo y'igihugu ihora itezimbere uburyo bwo kwihanganira amakosa, ishishikariza ibigo guhitamo “imenyekanisha hakiri kare”, kwagura umuderevu w’imenyekanisha ry’intambwe ebyiri zo gutumiza mu mahanga, kandi bigabanya igihe yo gutegura imenyekanisha, gutunganya inzira no gutumiza gasutamo. Mu byambu byujuje ibyangombwa, birakenewe ko dushishikara kugerageza no guteza imbere “ubwikorezi bwoherejwe mu bwato” bw’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga hamwe n’ibicuruzwa “byoherejwe ku buryo butaziguye” by’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, kugira ngo ibigo byitezwe ku gihe cy’ibicuruzwa bya gasutamo kandi byorohereze ibigo gutegura neza. ibikorwa byo gutwara, gukora no gukora. Ku bice by'imodoka byatumijwe mu mahanga bisonewe icyemezo cya CCC, imenyekanisha rikorwa mbere yo kugenzurwa, kandi no kwakira ibisubizo by'ubugenzuzi bwa gatatu bizakomeza. Binyuze mu ngamba zavuzwe haruguru, igihe cyo gutumiza gasutamo ku cyambu cyaragabanutse cyane. Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, muri Werurwe 2021, muri rusange igihe cyo gutumiza mu mahanga cyari amasaha 37.12, naho ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byari amasaha 1.67. Ugereranije na 2017, muri rusange igihe cyo gutumiza no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze byagabanutseho hejuru ya 50%.
Icya gatatu, kurushaho kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gutumiza no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Umwaka ushize, mu rwego rwo kugabanya ingaruka z’icyorezo ku mishinga no gufasha ibigo gukemura ibibazo, inama nyobozi y’Inama y’igihugu yize inshuro nyinshi ku kibazo cyo kugabanya imisoro no kugabanya imisoro. Kuva ku ya 1 Werurwe, amafaranga yo kubaka icyambu ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga yarasonewe, kandi ibiciro byo kwishyuza amafaranga ya serivisi y’ibyambu n’amafaranga y’umutekano w’icyambu byagabanutseho 20%. Ingamba za politiki zigamije kugirira akamaro ibigo, nko kugabanya icyiciro no kugabanya amafaranga y’ibyambu, byageze ku bisubizo bifatika. Inzego zibishinzwe za Leta zishyira mu bikorwa byimazeyo gahunda y’imicungire y’ubuyobozi, gusukura no kugena imikorere n’amafaranga ya serivisi y’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, kandi bigakorera hamwe mu kugabanya ibiciro byuzuza ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Komisiyo y'igihugu ishinzwe iterambere n'ivugurura hamwe n’andi mashami arindwi bafatanije kandi bashyira mu bikorwa gahunda y'ibikorwa yo gukuraho no kugena amafaranga ku byambu byo mu nyanja, banashyiraho ingamba za politiki nko guteza imbere no kunoza politiki y’amafaranga y’icyambu, gushyiraho uburyo bwo kugenzura no gukora iperereza kuri amafaranga yishyurwa ku byambu byo mu nyanja, no kugenzura no kuyobora imyitwarire yo kwishyuza ibigo bitwara ibicuruzwa. Kuva mu mwaka wa 2018, ibyambu byose byo mu gihugu byashyize ahagaragara urutonde rw’ibiciro, bitangaza ibipimo byishyurwa kandi bimenya igiciro cyagenwe. Urutonde rw'amafaranga yishyurwa ku byambu hirya no hino mu gihugu rwashyizwe ahagaragara. Ibiro by’icyambu cya Leta byateguye uburyo bwo gushyiraho “idirishya rimwe” ryishyurwa ry’icyambu cy’igihugu hamwe na sisitemu yo gutangaza amakuru kugira ngo biteze imbere serivisi zimenyekanisha kuri interineti na serivisi zishinzwe iperereza kuri interineti ku byambu, abashinzwe gutwara ibicuruzwa, umubare w’ibindi bicuruzwa ku byambu by’igihugu. Guteza imbere ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’uburyo bwo kwishyuza “igiciro kimwe cy’izuba” ku byambu bisabwa, no kurushaho gukorera mu mucyo no kugereranya amafaranga y’icyambu.
Icya kane, turusheho kunoza urwego rwo kumenyekanisha no kumenyekanisha ibyambu. Ku ruhande rumwe, wagura cyane imikorere ya "idirishya rimwe". Umwaka ushize, urebye ingaruka z’icyorezo cyatewe no gutumiza no kohereza mu mahanga, “idirishya rimwe” ryatangije igihe cyo gutanga serivisi no kumenyekanisha gasutamo ku bikoresho byo gukumira icyorezo, byatanze uruhare runini ku nyungu z’ibikorwa byose byo gutunganya kuri interineti, byaragaragaye "Zeru zero" kubibazo byumushinga, "gutinda kwa zeru" kubicuruzwa bya gasutamo, "gutsindwa kwa zeru" kubikorwa bya sisitemu, kandi bifasha ibigo gukomeza imirimo numusaruro. Kuvugurura uburyo bwa "ubucuruzi bw’amahanga + imari", gutangiza ubwishyu mpuzamahanga kuri interineti, inguzanyo yo gutera inkunga, ubwishingizi bw’inguzanyo ku bicuruzwa, ubwishingizi bw’inguzanyo zoherezwa mu mahanga n’ibindi bikorwa by’imari, bikemure neza ikibazo cy’inguzanyo ziterwa n’igiciro kinini cyo gutera inkunga ibigo bito, bito n'ibiciriritse, na shyigikira iterambere ryubukungu nyabwo. Kugeza ubu, “idirishya rimwe” rimaze kugera kuri docking no guhanahana amakuru hamwe na sisitemu rusange y’amashami 25, ikorera ku byambu byose n’uturere dutandukanye mu Bushinwa, hamwe n’abakoresha miliyoni 4.22 biyandikishije, ibyiciro 18 by’imirimo y’ibanze, ibintu 729 bya serivisi; , Miliyoni 12 zitangazwa buri munsi ubucuruzi, ahanini byujuje ibyifuzo bya "one-stop" ibikenerwa mu gutunganya imishinga, kandi urwego rwa serivisi zirimo rwagiye rutezimbere. Ku rundi ruhande, dukwiye guteza imbere ingufu za gasutamo zidafite impapuro na elegitoroniki. Shanghai, Tianjin n'ibindi byambu by'ingenzi byo ku nkombe byashimangiye iyubakwa rya serivisi ishinzwe serivisi za Port Logistics, ikomeza gushyira mu bikorwa inyandiko za elegitoronike zerekana urutonde rw'ibikoresho byoherejwe mu bikoresho, urutonde rw'ibipakira hamwe n'amafaranga yishyurwa, kandi biteza imbere itangwa rya elegitoronike ry’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga n'amahanga. amasosiyete atwara ibicuruzwa. Tuzongera ikoreshwa ryimikorere ya terefone, amakamyo atagira abapilote hamwe nogupima ubwenge, dutezimbere ihinduka ry "icyambu cyubwenge", tumenye gusaranganya amashyaka menshi amakuru yibikoresho, kandi tunoze cyane imikorere yibicuruzwa byinjira no hanze yacyo. Ibyambu by'ingenzi byo ku nkombe biteza imbere ibikorwa bya serivisi bihuza “gasutamo ya gasutamo + y’ibikoresho” ku byambu, gushyira mu bikorwa igihe ntarengwa cyo gukora ku byambu byatangajwe n’ibice by’ibyambu, kandi bigashingira ku “idirishya rimwe” kugira ngo amakuru y’igenzura agere ku byambu no ku cyambu sitasiyo ikora, kugirango uzamure ibyifuzo bya gasutamo yemewe. Gutezimbere iyubakwa rya "gasutamo yubwenge", guteza imbere cyane gushiraho no gukoresha h986, CT nibindi bikoresho byo kugenzura imashini ku byambu hirya no hino, kwagura uburyo bwo gusuzuma ikarita yubwenge, kongera umubare wubugenzuzi budatera, nibindi kunoza imikorere yubugenzuzi.
Icya gatanu, dukwiye kurushaho guhuza gukumira no kurwanya icyorezo no guteza imbere iterambere rihamye ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Kuva icyorezo cyatangira umwaka ushize, Ubuyobozi Bukuru bwa gasutamo n’inzego zibishinzwe bwakoranye mu rwego rwo gukumira no gukumira iki cyorezo no guteza imbere ubukungu n’imibereho myiza. Gushimangira ubuyobozi no guhuza ibyambu byaho, gutangiza vuba uburyo bwihutirwa bwo gutabara byihutirwa byubuzima rusange bwabaturage ku byambu, no gushimangira kugenzura na Karantine y abakozi binjira-basohoka; Gukurikiza ingamba zo gukumira no kugenzura neza, gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zitandukanye zo gukumira no kugenzura ukurikije ibimenyetso bitandukanye biranga ibyambu byo mu kirere, amazi n’ubutaka, guhindura ingamba zo guhangana n’ibyorezo by’icyambu, no gufunga ku buryo bwihuse inzira yo kugenzura ibyambu ku mipaka hakurikijwe ihame rya “guhagarika abagenzi n'inzira zitwara imizigo ”. Ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere imikorere yigihugu yerekana ibyerekeranye no kwerekana no gusesengura, kugenzura imikorere y’ibyambu by’igihugu, cyane cyane ibyambu by’umupaka, bikora akazi gakomeye mu gukumira no kugenzura ibyorezo by’amahanga biva mu byambu, kandi byubaka umurongo wo kwirinda wo gukumira ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga; .
Umunyamakuru: nyuma y’ingaruka z’iki cyorezo, ubucuruzi bw’ububanyi n’amahanga bw’Ubushinwa bwagarutse vuba mu gice cya kabiri cy’umwaka ushize. Ufatanije n'ibiranga e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka no kuzamuka kwa gari ya moshi z’Ubushinwa, ni gute Ubuyobozi bukuru bwa gasutamo (ibiro by’icyambu cya Leta) bwarushaho kunoza ubucuruzi bw’icyambu? Urebye icyerekezo kigezweho cyiterambere ryubucuruzi bwububanyi n’amahanga, ni izihe nenge zogutezimbere ubucuruzi bwicyambu nuburyo bwo kunoza intambwe ikurikira? Nigute twubaka urubuga rworohereza ubucuruzi n’ishoramari mu mahanga? Ni izihe ngero tugomba gutanga?
Dang Yingjie: Muri rusange, kuva mu gice cya kabiri cy'umwaka ushize, ibikorwa by'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga mu Bushinwa byakomeje kwiyongera kandi byihuse. Umusonga wa coronavirus umusonga uracyakwirakwira ku isi yose, kandi ubukungu bw’isi buracyari ingorabahizi kandi bukabije. Iterambere ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga rihura nimpamvu nyinshi zidahungabana. Icyakora, gasutamo y'Ubushinwa yahoraga ivugurura no kunoza imikorere igenga amategeko, kandi yatangije ingamba zifatika zo gushyigikira iterambere ry’itangwa ry’abatanga amashanyarazi ku mipaka ndetse n’Uburayi bwo hagati. Kurugero, gasutamo yatangije uburyo bunoze bwo kugenzura ibicuruzwa byinjira mu mahanga byambukiranya imipaka ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, bigashyira mu bikorwa imishinga mishya y’ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka ku bucuruzi (B2B) bwohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, byagura uburyo bworoshye bw’ibicuruzwa byinjira mu bucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka; Imiyoboro, yakoze ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ibicuruzwa byinjira mu bucuruzi byambukiranya imipaka ku bicuruzwa byinjira mu bucuruzi byambukiranya imipaka nka “kabiri 11 ″, no kunoza imibare y’ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka n’izindi ngamba. Ubuyobozi bukuru bwa gasutamo bwatanze ingamba 10 zo gushyigikira iterambere rya gari ya moshi z’Ubushinwa, zizamura iterambere rya gari ya moshi z’Ubushinwa mu kwemerera guhuza gari ya moshi, kugabanya neza imenyekanisha rya gasutamo, gushyigikira iyubakwa rya gari ya moshi y’Ubushinwa sitasiyo ya hub, no guteza imbere iterambere ryUbushinwa EU ihugura ubucuruzi bwubwikorezi butandukanye.
Mu myaka yashize, ubucuruzi bw’ibyambu by’Ubushinwa bwakomeje kunozwa kandi ibisubizo bitangaje byagezweho. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, haracyari ingorane nibibazo mugupima ikoranabuhanga mpuzamahanga ryateye imbere. Kurugero, kuva umwaka ushize, inganda zitumiza no kohereza hanze zagaragaje ko ubushobozi bwo gutwara abantu mumihanda mpuzamahanga ari buke, kandi "kontineri imwe iragoye kuyibona" nibindi bibazo bigomba gukemurwa binyuze muri gahunda rusange no guhuza ibikorwa. Urebye ibyifuzo bitandukanye by’inganda, haracyari “imbaho ngufi” mu miyoborere ifatanyabikorwa ku byambu, ubufatanye bwimbitse hagati ya gasutamo n’inganda, no guhanahana amakuru ku mashami, bigomba kongerwaho.
Mu rwego rwo kurushaho guhuza amahame mpuzamahanga yateye imbere, wibande ku mpungenge z’abakinnyi b’isoko, no guteza imbere iterambere ryiza ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga, mu ntangiriro zuyu mwaka, Ubuyobozi bukuru bwa gasutamo bwateguye kandi butangiza ibikorwa by’amezi ane kuri guteza imbere ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka mu 2021 mu mijyi umunani (ibyambu) hirya no hino mu gihugu Ubuyobozi bwa Leta bugenzura amasoko n’andi mashami bwafatanyije gutangiza politiki n’ingamba 18 zo gukemura ibibazo by '“inzitizi”, “ububabare” n' “ingingo zigoye ”Uhangayikishijwe n'abakinnyi b'isoko muri iki gihe mu bijyanye no gutezimbere inzira, kugabanya ibiciro, gukanda igihe no kunoza imikorere. Kugeza ubu, imirimo yose iratera imbere neza kandi yageze kubisubizo byateganijwe.
Kurugero, bitewe nibiranga ibikoresho byo mu nyanja, bisaba igihe kirekire kugirango ibicuruzwa binyure kuri gasutamo hamwe nuburyo bukorerwa ku cyambu. Ubwiza bwibicuruzwa bifite ibyangombwa bisabwa mugihe gikwiye, nkimbuto zitumizwa mu mahanga, bikunda kwangirika bitewe n’ifungwa ry’icyambu, kandi bimwe mu bicuruzwa byihutirwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byihutirwa ntibishobora kwinjira mu bwato bitewe n’ibicuruzwa byinshi bitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, gahunda yo gutinda gutinda nibindi bintu, Guhura nigihombo cyamafaranga yatanzwe hamwe ningaruka zo kutubahiriza amasezerano. Mu rwego rwo kurushaho kunoza imikorere ya gasutamo ku byambu byo mu nyanja, dushimangira cyane ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’icyitegererezo cyo “kohereza ibicuruzwa mu buryo butaziguye” ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga no “guhita bitwara ibicuruzwa” byoherezwa mu mahanga ku byambu byujuje ibyangombwa, kugira ngo bitangwe neza na gasutamo ku bushake. uburyo bwo gukora imishinga. Binyuze mu guhuza imiyoboro y’ibyambu, abafite imizigo, abashinzwe gutwara ibicuruzwa, abatwara ibicuruzwa, inganda zitwara abantu n’ibindi bice, kunoza imikorere y’imikorere mu buryo bwinshi, kumenya irekurwa ry’ibicuruzwa uhageze, kunoza neza imikorere y’imisoro ya gasutamo, kugabanya igihe na igiciro cyo gupakira imizigo no gupakurura, gutondekanya, gutegereza kuri terminal, kugabanya igiciro cyibikoresho byinganda, no kurekura ubushobozi bwo gutondekanya itumanaho. Kugeza ubu, ubucuruzi “bwo gupakira mu buryo butaziguye” no “gutanga mu buryo butaziguye” bwakorewe henshi ku byambu bikomeye byo ku nkombe, byazanye inyungu nyayo ku nganda. Dufashe nk'icyambu cya Tianjin, ukoresheje uburyo bwo "guterura ubwato butaziguye", igihe cyo kuva ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga kugeza gutegereza ibicuruzwa no koherezwa bigabanuka kuva ku minsi 2-3 yambere bikagera munsi yamasaha 3.
Inkomoko: Ubuyobozi rusange bwa gasutamo
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-04-2021